Business Proposal for Proposed a New Product in the Market Named as Term Paper

line of reasoning Proposal for Proposed a New Product in the Market Named as TECTEL - Term Paper fashion modelI-sensor (intruder sensor device) will run on a broad level of production. This will enable the fundament of more industries to increase the knowledgeability of the product among its consumers in the market (Holtz, 1990, 57). The number of workers ought to be standardized in order to allow the creation of more products for sales. This will ensure that the I-sensor machine dominates the market for a foresighted time, thus more sales for the product. The market size should be able to participate rapidly with the quick market as well as large enough with an opportunity to establish them. Most markets investors, shareholders and aged managers are often skeptical to invest resources because, since the markets do not yet exist, the markets may be to a fault small, or not exist at all. The team requirements for I-sensor will be should aim at working(a) achieving the main obj ectives of the TECTEL Company. Therefore, there should be the inspiration team carries out activities that create an effective atmosphere amongst workforces. The assemblages tasks can incorporate actions such as hosting servant lunches, planning association picnics, fundraising for poor workers, and fundraising for sympathetic causes. The safety and ecological group ensure the protective covering of workforces in the workplace. The team takes the lead in security teaching and how to use the I-sensor, scheduled safety conferences, and the reviewing of maintenance, safety, and office union. The employee wellness team emphasizes on health and suitability for all employees (Holtz, 1990, 77). Culture and Communication Team works to describe and generate the defined companionship destination required for the accomplishment of your organization. According to Holtz, (1990, 102), the team also nurtures dual communication in your business to see to it employee participation up to the ch ain of command. The team may champion the monthly bulletin, a weekly company appraise, quarterly employee gratification surveys, and an employee proposition process. Start several company teams, such as these, and support their triumph.

RISK, RETURN, TRADE OFF, PORTFLIO AND DIVERSIFICATION Essay

RISK, RETURN, TRADE OFF, PORTFLIO AND DIVERSIFICATION - Essay ExampleWe very much hear a proverb that Quality Never Cheeps same applies here that an pullment with a beginning risk profile has a low investment return capacity as compared to an investment with a high profile of risk. Most of the investors are risk averse, but they are unaware of the fact that, slice investing they have to indulge themselves into a image of risks, which they dont think like interest rate risk, artless risk, hazard risk and bankruptcy risk. This happens because the investor merely focuses on the financial risk and concern about the irritability among the prices of the asset or security, he have. Its a psyche of a person that, if we offer two investments crack the same expected return, but differing in risk, then a risk-averse investor will prefer the less inquisitive investment. Most people invest in a number of assets or hold shares of a number of companies in order to diversify the risk. More precisely we can say that, people typically invest their wealth in a portfolio of assets and will be concerned about the risk of their overall portfolio. Portfolio guess is used to diversify the risk of an investment the theory was initially adopted by Markowitz in 1952 as a normative approach to investment choice under uncertainty.

Prospects and Pitfalls For Foreign Players In Chinas Financial Market Dissertation

Prospects and Pitfalls For Foreign Players In chinawares Financial Market - Dissertation ExampleThe resilience and flexibility demonstrated by the Chinese economy during the Asian financial crisis served as added do it-ons to opposed investment, much(prenominal) that by 2005 the immaterial funds flowing into mainland China reached $72.4 billion (Kurtenbach, E., 2006). Another built-in attraction is Chinas 1.3 billion people, the worlds largest population group in one place, that make for a consumer market unmatched anywhere in size and importance. Since the flags on all economic indicators in China are up, such as on investment, foreign exchange reserves, GNP and GDP, exports, employment and per capita income, these all come down to a strong purchasing power. This rises to dizzying heights as the central bank buys off dollars generated from flock surpluses and from the inflows of foreign direct investment and speculative capital. The countrys export trade continues to grow by 2 0 percent yearly, while GDP, which currently averages $1 trillion, is programmed to reach $4 trillion in 2020. wholly these set the stage for the big Chinese growth party (Schlotthauer, N., 1999) that had actually been jumping early on, involving foreign companies in retail, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, computers, electronics, office equipment. World players in the financial sector took longer at the gates because of the more(prenominal) delicate nature of the business. Now, as China turns its juggernaut of reform to the development of its financial market, many foreign financial institutions of consequence are casting an interested eye on China.

Modern Database Managment Assignment Three Essay

Modern Database Managment assignment Three - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the volume/size of a database can differ extensively from a few megabytes for personal databases to huge terabytes of large business databases. The data and information of a business or personal database is stored on a nonvolatile medium that can hold huge add togethers of data. However, the most oft utilized storage mediums are magnetic disks. Magnetic disks are capable to store huge amount of data as compared to computer memory, at a great deal lower cost per unit of data. For data organization, logically data in RDBMS are structured like a group of traffic/tables, each table/relation composed of a group of records (Hoffer, Prescot, & Topi, 2009 Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005).DDC (Data Definition Command) is utilized to describe the database as well as other linked functions similar to creating views, tables, indexes etc. Below I will sketch some data definition commands (Hoffer, Prescot, & Topi, 2009)D ata control commands in SQL allow us to control entryway to data inside the database. These data control commands are usually employed to create objects and to control the allocation of privileges among users. A number of data control commands are (Hoffer, Prescot, & Topi, 2009)A View contains a stored query which is fond like a virtual table composed of resultant group of a query. As compared to mundane tables in a RDBMS a view is not a structured part of the physical representation. It is a dynamic, virtual table calculated or gathered from data in the database. Altering the data in a table changes the data represented in subsequent invocations of the view. Security in views can be applied for the users as the underlying tables are not straightly accessible. Thus, it helps DBA present users simply the data they require, as protect additional data in the same table (Hoffer, Prescot, & Topi, 2009).To create a view

Global Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Law - Essay ExampleThe company named 1plusV had claimed that Google was restricting the enjoyment of its powerful system especially made to attract advertisers (Kanter, 2011). Basically, the article was highlighting the fact that Google had been accused of promoting inequitable competition by unduly restricting trade. Unreasonable restraint of trade is actually a well-grounded issue in billet. The right to do business or put up a business has limitations provided by law. One of which is the prohibition against unfair competition. Unjustifiable restriction of a certain trade is one aspect of unfair competition. Established and big businesses are the ones most likely to hasten this tendency. Some zest to monopolize a certain type of business. They do not want any competitors. These businesses aim to take their market position. This is directly associated to business greed. Sometimes, they implement marketing strategies that weaken its new-sprung(prenominal) competitors. As a result, the new businesses experience a substantial loss of profit. It will eventually choose to stop its operation. Governments of the world have been aware of this business reality. Thus, they issue business laws to promote fair competition. The latest accusation against Google can somehow illustrate the issue on unfair competition.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Case Study - Essay ExampleAn instant EHR access in any case permits many doctors to be referencing the chart concurrently.Similar EHR systems provide physicians delivering enhanced quality of health check checkup exam cargon adopting the Intergy HER as all measures and instructions that are recorded are capable to be checked and confirmed to be proper for the deliberated intention thus lessening the scope of mistakes.The physicians, through the implementation of same HER system are trying to reduce the healthcare costs of the patients. It has been researched that the physicians adapting Intergy EHR are much more proficient at providing medical support as repetition is possible to be minimized. The quick reference to the HER system is important in the case of diagnostic procedures like blood reports, x-rays, ultrasounds etc. that are usually re-conducted since the preceding outcomes are not available to simply retrieved, reviewed or compared. The EHR permits a physician to have a ccess to all investigative results, images etc. at any point of time, as a result eliminating the scope of duplication. The EHR system also sends electronically the information recorded to the hospitals billing system enabling precise data to be recorded in the clinics billing system consequently dropping the instances of claim rejections by the insurance company callable to missing data.The EHR solution provides physicians with the capability to record clinical information related to a patient expeditiously with less errors and lapse at the point of care. Patients are capable to have access with their whole medical history obtainable to physicians and clinicians at anytime devoid of the requirement to physically locate and recover documented medical records.There is a struggle involved in maintaining the nonverbal communication, specifically eye contact and lulls in conversation while documenting the appointment in an EHR. EHR is known to be distracting. There

Student Learning Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Student Learning Methods - Essay sampleLearner-centered scholarship environments atomic number 18 founded on the principal that learning is an active process. Learning is an interaction between the pupil and text, involving the activation of prior knowledge and relating new ideas to preexisting schemata. Based on this paradigm learner-centered environments engage the savant both personally and intellectually and provide the best method for meeting the needs of all learners.In teacher-centered learning environments, the more traditional and widespread approach, the teacher is viewed as the focal point and leader of learning. The teacher is the authority, leaving the students in the passive role as receivers of knowledge, quite a than active constructors of that knowledge. That knowledge is finite and discrete.In teacher-centered learning the lessons are instructionally driven, leaving the students unengaged intellectually and emotionally. These traditional methods include memori zation, completing worksheets, reading a text and answering predetermined questions - demonstrating knowledge of the right answer. In this form of learning there is particular(a) activation of prior knowledge, and therefore students struggle to create personally significant meaning. This is because in teacher-centered learning the background, determine and interests of the learner are nonexistent. The student is passively filled in with information, rather than engaged in his throw learning process. Learning environments are controlled, organized and with an emphasis on independent seatwork. Lessons, classwork and homework are results-driven. This unresponsive and static approach also fails to meet the needs of special needs populations, because lesson goals and objectives are standardized, meaning students must(prenominal) adapt to the methods oftentimes with some students unable to engage the teachers attention to meet their needs.AssessmentOne of the roughly significant chal lenges in teacher-centered learning is in assessment. Using traditional methods such as standardized tests rather than qualitative measures, teacher-centered learning places the emphasis on performance and repetition of facts. It leaves little room for students to construct their experience meaning based on their own experiences, cultural background, values and interests. This causes a mismatch between goals and assessment. For this reason, legion(predicate) times students can appear to understand material in one format, yet in some other appear unsuccessful during assessments because of the focus on success rather than on learning.Characteristics of Learner-Centered EnvironmentsTheoretical BasisIn learner-centered environments the student becomes the actor in his own learning, and therefore the teacher becomes the facilitator to that learning by designing learningactivities which actively engage the learner. This is based on the theory that all know-ledge is organized in schemat a - the central connections that allow new experiencesand information to be aligned with previous knowledge (Landry, 2002). Activities Engaging and AdaptiveAs the designer of lessons rather than an authority, and with the understanding thatStudents exhibit various strengths and weaknesses in learning styles and modalities, theteachers role is to create activities which are varied and engage these differences, ratherthan repress

Motivation, leadership style and performance management Essay

Motivation, leadership style and performance management - Essay physical exerciseThis essay is structured in different sections, with each section dealing with one operator of life-and-death influence on performance. The first section discusses the various theories of motivation including the works of Maslow (1943), Alderfer (1972), McClelland (1955) and evaluates the impact of motivation on the groups performance. The second section discusses theories of leadership by XYZ, and assesses the impact of leadership style on the performance of our group. The third section of the essay covers performance measurement as the factor that impacts on the group performance. The final section of this essay covers my conclusions and the recommendations that can help in better performance management. The first factor that I intend to relate to performance of team is motivation. Motivation has been one of the most studied and discussed topics germane(predicate) to performance. According to one of the oldest and most popular theories of motivation, motivation is the result of drives or need that human beings have. For example, Maslows Theory of Hierarchy of Needs (1943) states that there be several stages of needs, want the basic needs for food, protective cover and security social needs related to feeling a sense of belongingness or affection, status and egoism needs, and self-actualization needs. As a person is able to fill his lower order needs, the higher order needs become operant and motivate him. See Figure 1 below Figure 1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Source Maslow, 1943). Another version of the derive system is that proposed by Alderfer (1972), which segregates these needs into completely three categories ERG or existence, Relatedness and Growth needs. According to Alderfer (1972), all three types of needs can be operable at the same time. Similarly, a theory of need is proposed by McClelland (1955), which states that passel are motivated by diffe rent needs and the prominent need defines what factors may motivate them. For example, according to McClelland (1955), people who have a high need for achievement are motivated by challenging tasks and lofty objectives, while people who have a high need for affiliation are motivated by opportunities that furnish them with more than social interactions or recognition. Need for power is high in people who are motivated to declare positions of high status and power. These theories root the basis of motivation into an internal need of the person. In contrast to these theories, theories like that of Vroom (1964), consider the external reinforcing stimuluss and predictions as the driving forces for motivation and performance. Vrooms theory states that people gauge if their efforts are capable of getting them the desired performance, and if the performance outcome can lead them to their goals or rewards. This means that there are basically two eyeshots to motivation one is the expecta tions of a link surrounded by effort and performance, and the other a direct link between the performance and rewards. Another essential aspect of motivation according to this theory is the desirability of the reward or the expected value of the reward. People are motivated to expend the effort only if the reward has value for them. As such, motivation according to this theory is a product of Motivation = Expectancy X Instrumentality X Valence Where, Expectancy is expectation that the effort leads to performance Instrumentality is the perception that the performance will be instrumental in attaining the reward Valence is the value of the reward for the person In addition, motivation can be both extrinsic, as in the case where rewards and incentives are the motivating factors, and intrinsic, where the person wants to fulfil an internal need

Community Solutions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Community Solutions - Research Paper ExampleAccording to European standards, the categories of people who have been considered as suffering have been 1. the long term unemployed and the young unemployed, 2. the elderly, 3, case-by-case parent families, 4. second generation migrants, 5. refugees and returning minors, 6. marginal groups- e.g. gypsies, travellers, homeless, 7. underpriveleged urban districts, 8. impoverished rural areas (Cullen, 5). The American translation for 2011 is that for a family of four including two adults and two children, total yearly income has to be below $22,350, to be called little as is given in the US Department of Health and Human Services website. While addressing the issues that the poor people face, as members of the subculture of poverty, one major concern has always been the physical eradication of poverty and its prohibit manifestations which lives of the poor people miserable. Community development is universally accepted as the most effect ive mode to address poverty and its problems. The confederation development program of 1980s in Ireland was a landmark in the history of the fight against poverty (Cullen, 11). Cullen, in his study on nine poverty elimination projects apply in Ireland, has revisited the methods and strategies followed by various organizations and agencies who participated in these projects and has concluded that community development is a process that by choice activates, encourages and supports groups of people to participate in collective action in pursuit of common interests, and which contributes to social justice and equity (Cullen, 11). During the John-Nixon era, in the US, community action programs were abundant and quite popular (Joseph, 49). Though they even out the degree for the emergence of a welfare state, they were also criticized as capable of only peripherally addressing the issues of poverty (Patterson, 146). even so these opposing viewpoints regarding community solutions to the subculture of poverty, the global intellectual discourses have always seen community solutions as the most black marketable way out (Cullen, Joseph, FAO and Gaiha). The best available community solution to the subculture of poverty lead be to set up community level revolving funds partially sponsored by the government and partially by the industrial houses of the country. To raise the funds, the government will have to introduce a special tax of 0.1% of the profit, on the corporate companies, which have a profit margin above a fixed ceiling. These funds along with a government contribution will then be transferred to the local authorities to be utilized for ensuring a minimum of 200 days form for all those able-bodied persons who have been listed as poor. The form of work has to be fixed at local level, by the local administration in consultation with the community leaders, and according to the local resources available and prevailing local conditions and necessities. For e xample, if in a place having water scarcity, the work has to be provided in water conservation activities, which can contribute to the local economy in a productive way. And the newly generated water could be given back into the community at a clean cost. Similarly, in an area where the major vocation is agriculture, work can be provided in community-level agro-processing industries. This solution will have to involve massive commitments of Federal funds

Life and Work of a Famous Greek Thinker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life and Work of a Famous Greek Thinker - raise ExampleAristotle was appointed the tutor to horse parsley in 343 B.C (Williams 44). For three years he remained tutor to Alexander until the Prince turned 16. Not much is known of the relationship between Aristotle and Alexander, yet Alexanders fearful career stands to be an ingenious testimony to the practicality of Aristotles philosophy. Aristotle resided in Athens in 335 B.C. to 323 B.C. It was in these 12 years that Aristotle wrote most of his works. However, after the death of Alexander, Aristotle had to flee from Athens to avoid persecution at the hands of Athenian rebels (Williams 53). As per some credible records, Aristotle died in 322 B.C (Williams 16). It is said that Aristotle wrote three treatises on moral philosophy. However, 2 of them are like a shot attributed to his disciples and it is the third one that is Nicomachean Ethics that is known to be written by Aristotle (Broadie 4). The views pertaining to ethics prof essed by Aristotle in this treatise present a good insight into the mindset of the mature and educated men of his age. In this treatise Aristotle lays protrude the principles by which the well behaved citizens need to conduct themselves. Till the late 17th century, Aristotles treatise on ethics had a great influence on the politics and statecraft and continued to be source of inhalation for the future scholars and statesmen (Broadie 5). One other treatise by Aristotle called Politics is regarded to be the very source of varied principles that held a great sway till the culmination of the Middle Ages (Weber 396). This treatise is not only a source of apt information regarding the ways of government in non-Hellenic States, but stood to be a pivotal instrument of self-abnegation of democracy in the time of Aristotle (Weber 396). The assumptions embedded in Politics not only were strongly fasten in the Athens under Pericles, but the Aristotelian concept of governance by cultured ge ntlemen had its reverberations in Renaissance Age, till it was modified by French Revolution and industrialism (Weber 397). Though Aristotles genius greatly influenced many aspects of the Greek civic life and the statecraft in the following ages, it was in the sphere of system of logic that it reached its zenith (Ackrill 79). Aristotles dominance in logic flourished right through the Middle Ages, till he was accorded a dominion in the area of metaphysics by the Christian philosophers in the 13th century (Ackrill 80). Though Aristotle accentuate of Logic is today quiet antiquated, still many Catholic theologians, scientists and mathematicians prefer to adhere to his system (Ackrill 84). Aristotles doctrine of syllogism is the most important portion by Aristotle to the field of Logic (Ackrill 80). When considering the contribution of Aristotle to modern sciences, two of his other works that are Physics and On the Heavens do need to be mentioned (Judson 19). These works greatly infl uenced the world of science in the Greek times and their domination continued till the times of Galileo (Judson 19). Aristotles views regarding planets and stars though were immensely influenced by the Pagan beliefs of his times were actually well received and judge by the medieval Christians. Aristotles philosophy had a significant impact on both the Islamic and Western philosophy (Ackrill 9). Aristotle not only studied and meticulously delved on almost every lawsuit and discipline existing in his times, but in fact made a significant contribution to the existing

Starbucks - International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Starbucks - International concern - Essay ExampleAlthough, previous researchers like Roby (2011) conducted research on international enlargement strategy of Starbucks exactly these researcher focused much on marketing aspects of international expansion strategy of iconic java retailer but strategical dimensions of Starbucks international expansion remain scarcely discussed by scholars. In order to fulfil scarcity of research regarding strategic dimensions of Starbucks international expansion, this essay will try to slop light on pertinent issues regarding international expansion of Starbucks. Key objective of this paper will be to answer three questions, 1- how internal resources capabilities are supporting Starbucks to achieve success internationally, 2- how Starbucks has addressed challenges during international expansion and 3- what are the strategic initiatives that are taken by Starbucks to achieve success while expanding business internationally. In such context, busines s background Starbucks will be discussed in order to develop background for strategic analysis. Back Ground Analysis Business Matrix of Starbucks Starbucks deal was established by Zev Siegl, Gordon Bowker and Jerry Baldwin during the year 1971 and the caller is headquartered at Seattle, Washington, U.S (Starbucks, 2012). The company started its operation through opening single store in Pike power Market of Seattle while in the next 42 years Starbucks corp has expanded its operation everywhere 61 countries (Starbucks, 2012). According to annual report published by Starbucks Corporation for the financial year stop 31st December, 2012, the company maintains distribution channel containing more than 10,000 stores (including licensed and owned stores) within USA and more than 20,000 stores across the world (including licensed and owned stores). Starbucks Corporation specializes in fling various coffee drinks, beverages, divers(prenominal) types of hot drinks, side dishes, salads e tc (Starbucks, 2012). Market capitalization Starbucks close to US$38 billion while gross revenue revenue of the company hovering over US$ 12 billion. Starbucks Corporation faces competition from not only selfsame(prenominal) segment players but also from competitors who offer cross segment products. For example, Starbucks offer similar kind of offering as Dunkin Brands, Green mountain coffee while in domestic and international market Starbucks Corporation faces intense competition from cross segment players like Nestle, McDonalds, Kraft Food and Wendys International. Why Starbucks has been so winning to penetrate in distant markets while its competitors are gasping for maintain margin product differentiation counterbalance? Lee (2010) pointed out that competitive advantage for Starbucks lies on its ability to customize its product portfolio and service flux in accordance with the macro environmental requirements. Lee (2010) identified three strategic moves that have helped Starb ucks Corporation to achieve success in international market such as, 1- establishing licensing and partnership with distribution partners that can cut dimensions of risks and contingency factors associated with expansion in international context, 2- differentiating in terms of product portfolio and service customization as per socio-cultural conflict in international countries and 3- customizing its integrated marketing communication as per socio-cultural divergence in international countries. In such context, Boston Matrix of Starbucks product portfolio

Book Report Six Pages Total Double Spaced and The Name Of The Book Is Term Paper

Book Report Six Pages arrive Double Spaced and The Name Of The Book Is (So Much Reform) and the aurthor is Charles M. Payne - Term Paper ExampleThe book heightenes on the disconnection existent between educational policy and the said realities of urban schools. Payne seeks to define failure and looks into the causes he refers to them as hardly move. In reference to this, the book proves just how much information Payne has accumulated on the said failures about which he writes (Payne, 2008).As regards the causes of failure, Payne indicates that it is due to reformers, policy-makers and school communities that urban schools fail to meet their goals. This is because they focus more on reforms but not what the reforms can do to aid their performance and achievements of the schools they represent. What he considers surprising is the fact that reformers, school communities and policy-makers never seem to learn from the mistakes they make. This is in relation to the knowledge that they a ccumulate in the process of improving the humanity school system and lack of implementation of the experiences they acquire. The failure of adults to learn lies in the basis of tender issues ranging from racism and poverty to privatization of public interests. Payne shows the relationship between social failures and those that affect public school systems. The dysfunctional social systems result in overall failure of implementation of relevant social and educational understandings (Payne, 2008).As a result, the thesis of the book revolves around failures of various stakeholders in the education welkin and the entire book keeps referring to the point of failure. In addition, according to the thesis, this situation remains repetitive based on mutual demoralization of schools as organizations and manifestation of the irrationality of actions taken by schools. In addition to the thesis statement, Payne intertwines various other concepts of failure in the book to demonstrate his poin t and air his view openly for open interpretation by members

Should Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) be considered in the Research Paper

Should Corporate Social righteousness (CSR) be considered in the evaluation of besiege Street companies - Research Paper ExampleThis poses the question whether CSR should be considered in rating of W either Street companies. In this paper, CSR is discussed in cases for and against inclusion in Wall Street company ratings. Approaches to CSR, investigate and trends are also examined. The author argues that CSR is important and should be considered side by side the companies ratings so that stakeholders nourish a clearer picture about the companies operations in the society they work with. The author proposes a simple, soft rating scale as a starting point for something as universal as CSR for inclusion in rating Wall Street Companies. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an ethical belief and practice that companies, just like individuals, are responsibilities as good stewards of the society in which they do business with (Wood, 1991). C orporations have an obligation to act in ways that exit benefit or sustain society and that their responsibility is not limited to their profit. In the last decade, we have chitchatn movements gather nerve impulse requesting for more corporate social responsibilities in ethical practices, for the environment, the working conditions of employees, for the local communities, and towards all stakeholders from suppliers to post-consumption of products. CSR is soon to be integrated with the human resources, business development, operations, and relations (Barnea and Rubin, 2010). This paper will examine the two companies rated by Wall Street Goldman Sachs and British rock oil (BP), which very recently have been involved in practices that did not do well to the society in which they do business with. An attempt will be made to see if CSR should be considered in their ratings. In the year 2010, each of the three major credit rating agencies - threatenings Investor Services, Standard & Poors and skunk Ratings - rated both of these companies mainly on their credit worthiness. In the same year, sequel Magazine also named them as two of the worlds most admired companies. The question consequently is whether these companies should be rated solely on scales that show their credit-worthiness or should these ratings also include a dimension that will show how well a company performing in the society in general. British Petroleum (BP) In April 2010, an explosion occurred on BPs oil rig in the disjuncture of Mexico. The Coast Guard report that 11 people were killed, 17 other others injured and about 4.9 million barrels of oil released to the disconnectedness of Mexico affecting Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. The oil bolt out caused extensive environmental damage to the sea and wildlife creatures in the Gulf of Mexico. It also damaged the fishing and tourism industries. The US Government held BP accountable for the damages. BP officials committed to shou lder all cleanup costs and other damages. In addition, the company is also being investigated for alleged unsafe practices which caused the position on the rig leading to the explosion. An internal probe made BP admit to mistakes that led to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In 2010, Moodys rated BPs senior unsecured ratings as an Aa2 from Aa1. Fitch Ratings rated BPs long-term issuer default rating and senior unsecured rating as an AA from AA+. Reuters also account in June 2010 that Standard and

Who is responsible for the sexual activities , the woman or the man Essay

Who is answerable for(p) for the versed activities , the woman or the man - Essay Exampleue that the certificate of indebtedness for sexual activity lies solely with the woman, others feel that it lies with the man and yet others maintain that it lies with both partners. Julia Serano, for instance, maintains that wo hands must take several(prenominal) responsibility for the way hands behave. He argues that if women do not reward men love or sexual relationships, accordingly men will become bad boys (Serano 16). This paper will first tackle to explore whether Serano is guilty of blame shift in light of sexual activity. Secondly, it will examine how responsible men and women be in sexual activity.Seranos argument that women must take some responsibility for the way men behave has met serious opposition from many women who feel that men should be held responsible for their actions. Nevertheless, Seranos assertions appear to reflect the reality in the contemporary society. This is because the behavior of a majority of men are shaped by how they are treated by their women. This means that if the women fail to fulfill the financial obligation conferred upon them by rewarding their men with love or a satisfying sexual relationship then the man will most likely not behave in the right way as emphasized by Evans (33).Love and sex are very crucial elements in any trades union and must be fulfilled by both partners (Hek and Hoggart 16). In this regard, men are expected to order love to their wives and be ready to play sex when need be. On the other hand,women, are ought to manoeuver their husbands love and reward them with sex for enjoyment and for procreation. However, just as Serano noted, a woman mostly takes the great responsibility of their partners behaviors with regard to love and sex (Serano 21). In this regard, Hek and Hoggart note that men who are loved by their wives and rewarded with a good sexual relationship tend to become good men and stick to their relationships as opposed to seeking love and sex out of wedlock (18). In addition, much(prenominal) men also tend to show greater responsibility in the

Jazz Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

have intercourse Dance - bear witness ExampleJazz terpsichore hasgreatly been touched by communal dance and common music. This paper is intend to describe history and development of jazz dance.Rhythms and movements that were brought to America by African slaves have come upon the tune of jazz dance. The style of African dance is all natural low, knees bent, vibrating dead body movements emphasized by body isolations and hand-clapping. As slaves immigratedto America, starting during the 1600s, Africans from different cultures wereseparated from their families, languages and tribal traditions. This resulted to merging of African cultures that created a new culture with both European and Africancomponents. The Slave Act of 1740 intended to prohibit slaves from per contour lineing African dances, but that did not entomb their wish to grip to those parts of their cultural identity. African dance involved movements and rhythms which includedhand-clapping,foot stamping and tapping, and currentlythis is known as a jazz dance.The term Jazz was initially related to a genre of music dance during earth War I. Jazz in a dance form, however, emerges from the parlanceAfricans dances when they were being brought to the Americas on slave ships. This form of dance emerged together with jazz music in New Orleans at the beginning of 1900s. From 1930s to 1960s, Jazz dance changed from this body of parlanceinto a theatre-based performance form of dance that needed a much clever dancer.During this time, dancers from the ballet and modern dance worlds experimented with the jazz dance style. All of these dancers affected jazz by wanting many trained dancers to perform a given set of movements, which was very different from the informal form of New Orleans back in the 1900s. Also, during this span of period (circa. 1950) jazz dance was intensely affected by Caribbean and other Latin American dance styles which were established by anthropologist and dancer Katherine Dunham. Jazz i s likewise like choreography too.Jazz dance throughout

PSY 475 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Essay Example for Free

PSY 475 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment try outSelect in preparation for this assignment a psychological measure of depression, such as the Beck natural depression Inventory or Childrens Depression Inventory. Obtain faculty approval of your packed measure prior to offset printing this assignment. Individual portions due to the team forum by Friday. Please make sure a team member will be compiling the project and submitting it to the assignments link. Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you study your selected psychologicalmeasure.As a part of your analysis, address the following items Using the University Library, the Internet, or other sources, select at least two scholarly journal articles that discuss the recitation of your selected psychological measure. Briefly ingeminate your selected articles, and compare and contrast their findings. Based on the analysis of your articles, discuss the use of your selected measure.Explain who is qualified to make out and in terpret themeasure and the settingssuch as occupational, academic, or counselingin which it would be appropriate to use the measure. Differentiate between the populations for which your selected psychological measure is valid and invalid. To purchase this material click on at a lower place link http//www. assignmentcloud. com/PSY- 475/PSY-475-Week-2-Learning-Team- Assignment-Psychological-Measure-Paper For more classes visit http//www. assignmentcloud. com.

Strategic Financing for Discussion Essay Example for Free

Strategic finance for Discussion EssayPreferred short letter is defined as a type equity that has antecedency over common stock in terms of dividend payment and asset distribution in the showcase of liquidation. Basically it is a hybrid security that actually shares features with both debt and common stock. Further, it has the following features, convertibility to common stock, nonvoting right, and callability at the corporations option. However, its usage does not actually increase the probability of the firms bankruptcy. It pays dividend well(p) like common stock out of the firms after-tax income (Brigham Houston, 2009). In case the favourite(a) stock does not have a stated date of maturity, its cost is determined using the following prescript (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013).Cost of the Preferred Stock = the dividend on Preferred stock/ (Price of Preferred stock/1-Flotation Costs)Whereby the price of preferent stock is basically the current market value while the floatation costs are the favored stocks underwriting costs which are usually given as a percentage. Firms that use preferred stock should include its cost in their weighted average cost of capital (WACC) formula (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013).lead publicly-traded companies that have preferred stock in their capital structure includethe Statesn Capital power Corp. (NASDAQ AGNC)This is mortgage REIT that basically invests in agency securities that their interest and principal payments are usually guaranteed by US Government-sponsored entity (Federal National Mortgage Association) and the US Government agency (Government National Mortgage Association)Wells Fargo and Company This is an American multinational company that deals in banking and financial servicers hence providing mortgage, banking, credit card, insurance, investing, and commercial and consumer financial services.Bank of America Corporation This is an American multinational corporation that deals in banking and financial services a nd is has its headquarter in Charlotte, North Carolina.ReferencesBrigham, E. F., Houston, J. F. (2009). rudiments of financial management. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning.Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013). Financial management Theory and practice. Mason, Ohio South-Western.Source document

Nisei Daughter Essay Example for Free

Nisei Daughter EssaySecond Generation Daughter level off with all the mental anguish and struggle, an elemental instinct bound us to this soil. Here we were born hither we wanted to live. We had tasted of its freedom and learned of its brave hopes for democracy. It was too late, a lot too late for us to maturate back. Monica Sones Nisei Daughter is a compelling study of the life of a Japanese American exploitation up and discovering who she is in the World War II era United States. Nisei, meaning, second generation, is a Japanese term used to specify the children born to Japanese people in a freshly country (who are called Issei). Monica Sone was born an American Citizen, but her parents as well as other Issei were not deemed to be American citizens until post World War II. This essentially important difference between Issei and Nisei on the face of it forced an ultimatum to Nisei people to be Japanese or to be American. Nisei were often criticized by their families for their absent occasion of Japanese customary behavior, and were criticized by Americans because they werent able to assimilate into American lifestyle.Nisei Daughter is a story about a Japanese American girl constructing her own self-identity in an environment where there is much confusion amongst Nesei people who are torn between two cultures. 1 . Monica Sone, Nisei Daughter (Canada McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1953), 124 2 . Wikipedia, Nisei (Published from Wikipedia at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nisei ,2013), Article Introduction

The Evolution Of International Environmental Law (IEL) Essay Example for Free

The Evolution Of global environmental police force (IEL) EssayTrace the evolution of International Environmental Law (IEL). What does the mount up of IEL signify in harm of community interests versus the egoistic interests of nation states?The term International Environmental Law can be utilise as a term to encompass the entire corpus of internationalistic law, public and private applicable to environmental issues or problems.1 The modern rules of international environmental law can be traced back to a spat between the unify States and Britain. The first ever reported environmental dispute dates back to 1742. 2In the early 1970s environmental issues started to appear on the agenda of various United Nations and non United Nations agencies and this was, in part, due to the amount of publicity that was being devoted to the problems of environmental degradation.In 1972, due to pressure from NGOs peculiarly in the United States, the United Nations Conference on the Human Envi ronment was convened. Preparations for this conference necessitated a natural examination of activities that had any impact on the environment.3Under United Nations General Assembly Resolutions in 1968 and 1969 which gave rise to the Conference, the assembly agreed that there was an urgent need for intensified action at national and international levels to limit and if possible, eliminate the impairment of the human environment and that this was necessary for sound economic and social development.4 The 1987 human race Commission on Environment and information (WCED) Report and the resultant 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development expressed the already existing concern for sustainable development.Meanwhile, the dynamics of negotiations within these conferences changed with time. With decolonisation and the attainment of emancipation of more than developing countries, more of these countries were joining the United Nations and other international Organisations. During negotiations, developing countries were insisting on radical changes to international economics relations that would bring about a situation that would be more conducive to the realization of their developmental goals.5Financial Institutions such as the World Bank now structured and conditioned loans in such a way that development should always be ecologically sound.6 By the 1990s, environmentalists were opposing strongly, the trade regime under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). This was inflamed by two decisions of the Dispute Resolution Mechanism. In the Tuna Dolphin case, GATT ruled against the U.S ban on tuna fish that was caught using mechanisms that killed dolphins as well. In the Shrimp Turtle case, the GATT ruled against an American law that was put in place to protect turtles that were sometimes killed in the process of catching shrimps.7Now, the WTO rules are to be applied in such a way as to ensure the promotion of sustainable development so do the rul es of many other international organisations. Under the various international environmental laws, companies are bound to valuate environmental laws, they are bound for instance to conduct impact assessments on any project they hankering to undertake.8States are also bound to respect the environmental legality not only of their state precisely also that of all other states. In the world of today, it is doubtful that the GATT Dispute Resolution Mechanism would reach out similar rulings as those that they gave in the Tuna Dolphin and Shrimp Turtle cases. The rise of International Environmental Law has meant that states can no longer pursue their own personal interests without having consideration for the environmental integrity of other states.1 Birnie and Boyle (2002) International Law and the Environment (2nd Edition) Pg. 2-32 Sands (2005) Lawless World America and the Making and recess of Global Rules Pg 713 Ibid Pg. 384 United Nations General Assembly Resolutions XXIII of 1968 and XXIV of 19695 Dadzie, in Roberts and Kingsbury (1993) United Nations, Divided World The Uns Role In International Relations (2ND Edition) Oxford Oxford University Press Pg. 3006 Birnie and Boyle (2002) International Law and the Environment (2nd Edition) Oxford Oxford University Press Pg. 607 Giplin (2001) Global Political Economy Understanding The International sparing Order. Princeton Princeton University Press. Pg. 2268 Article 4 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in Transboundary Context

Critical Success Factor Analysis Essay Example for Free

Critical Success chemical element Analysis EssayThis wasnt the case for AA. They had clear Organisational vision and views set turn out from the beginning. Their reason for the refreshing dodge was to improve the standards of customer service for customer loyalty and to reduce their cost which is their organisational strategy.This resulted in three main production line requirements for the new IS. Development of a nationally-based clay Separation of the functions The provision of a base for new products or servicesAAs system was definitely a business-led system. They had the idea for AAHELP long before technology caught up enough for the system to be implemented. Their IS system was led by a long-term vision from instruction back.A lot could be contrasted during the implementation grade besides. In AAs case, they used a phase-by-phase approach. Each phase would have a business case. This was to make the job of convincing the board easier. This proved useful non only i n convincing the board, but also in that it allowed a certain degree of flexibility, as the system could be adapted in order to deal with the changes in the organisation more generally.This slack incremental approach to the development meant that even though the overall time of the project took longer, the system was canvas more thoroughly, and thus was much less likely to have problems later on when it would cost a lot more to fix.This is shown very clearly in the Symons case. They hired ProSys to deliver the full system in one go. During implementation, they found a lot of costly errors such as differences in Numbering Systems, and changes to the system which cost them an additional 15,000.IT TEAMThere were some differences between the two even in their I.T Team. Firstly, AA had their individualised in-house I.T staff while Symons hired programmers. There argon several benefits of in-house I.T staff. It takes shorter time for problems to be sorted out. other difference was tha t the IT Team all worked in one location only. This built team spirit and further formal and informal communications. Working so close together also meant that problems would be noticed, and sorted out much faster.Strategic Information Systems Planning MethodologiesThe task of strategic information systems planning is demanding and oftentimes time organizations do not know how to do it. Strategic information systems planning is a study change for organizations, from planning for information systems based on users demands to those based on business strategy.Vitale, et al. (1986) classifies SISP methodologies into two categories relate and dressment. Impact methodologies help create and justify new uses of IT, while the methodologies in the alignment category align IS objectives with organizational goals.Impact MethodologiesValue Chain AnalysisA form analysing business activities. It helps in invent information systems which increase the overall profit available to a firm and i dentifying the potential for mutual business advantages of component businesses, in the same or related industries, available from information interchange. It concentrates on value-adding business activities and is supreme of organizational structure.Strengths It concentrates on direct value adding activities of a firm and thus pitches information systems right into the commonwealth of value adding rather than cost cuttingWeaknesses Basic concept of a value chain is difficult to apply to non-manufacturing organizations where the product is not tangible and there are no obvious raw materials. It also fails to address the developmental and implementation issues.Critical success factors compendium can be considered to be some(prenominal) an impact as well as an alignment methodology. Critical Success Factors (CSF) in the context of SISP are used for interpreting more clearly the objectives, tactics, and operational activities in terms of key information take of an organization and its managers and strengths and weaknesses of the organizations existing systems. Critical success factors are limited areas of the business where if the result is satisfactory, will check off successful competitive performance for the organisationStrengths CSF analysis provides a very powerful method for concentrating on key information requirements of an organization, a business unit, or of a manager. This allows the management to concentrate resources on maturation information systems around these requirements. Also, CSF analysis is easy to perform and can be carried out with few resources.Weaknesses CSF analysis by itself is not enough to perform comprehensive SISP because it does not define a data computer architecture or provide automated support for analysis. CSFs also focus primarily on management ascertain and thus tend to be internally focused and analytical rather than creative

Why Is Strategy Important to Business Essay Example for Free

wherefore Is Strategy Important to Business EssayThe question of why strategy is important to parentage is feature to say the least. There are a number of reasons why strategy can and often does go steady the success, growth or failure of a strain. Without a strategy the business is responding to internal and external portion or demands without the advantage of a plan in place to address them. This sometimes leads to wrong decisions or weak decisions and the business loses the opportunity to turn the circumstance into an optimal resolution that results in profits and bust business. Strategy tells where you are, where you want to go, and how you are going to get in that location. It defines the everyplaceall direction for the business based on opportunity and threats in the external environment and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the business internally. Strategy provides the big watch and shows how each private activity ties together to achieve a desired en d result. Strategy gives insight as to the itinerary the business should compete in the future.External environmental changes can be customer and/or adversary based, as well as political, economic, fond, technological, environmental or legislative. The more the external environment changes the more opportunities there may be for a well prepared company and the more threats to the unprepared. The actions and intentions of competitors change in a stable environment, and if the company is reviewing the market and what is happening they can prepare for any real or likely competitive maneuvers and find new insights into how to create continued value for customers. (Simister, 2007)Strategy is important as a source of long condition profits. As business competes for a fair share in the , with competitors over customers, uncertainty becomes a constantly revolving battlefield for better ways of doing business.A Chinese general and armed forces strategist Sun Tzu said it best It is said that if you k straight your enemies and know yourself, you pass on not be imperiled in a hundred battles if you do not know your enemies but do know yourself, you ordain win one and lose one if you do not know your enemies nor yourself, you will be imperiled in every single battle.Strategy is how you get to know your enemies, yourself and the terrain on which you will fight.And finally this great strategist says what fits here best Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise in the lead defeat. (Brainy Quotes, n. d.)Other reasons for business strategy are changes in customer needs and wants, sudden poor business performance, and lack of growth or stability in the business.We have laid out the importance of strategy, now the components are what will make the plan a success or not. Before we can make a plan, the goals and mission statement of the business must be defined. Without a clear mission and goals you will not know who, what, when, where, and how of your business. The alternative is like feeling the way in the dark. I once determine a book entitled If you do not know where you are going, you may it up somewhere else. This would be the reason for charting the course with purpose and destination in mind. Once we know what the goal is and defined our mission, then we look at the internal strengths and weaknesses within the business.This will help identify what strategies to build the strengths of the business and correct the weaknesses of the business to take advantage of external opportunities. Then we must look at the political, economic, social and technological as they are strategic drivers because of how they can influence outcome. This leads us to the critical issues directly and indirectly impacting the business.With all of this done, now we combine this information to create the SWOT that will generate a picture of both external and internal conditions present and future, good and bad that wi ll give us pragmatic and attainable goals. The SWOT will allow us to make short term plans and long term goals and put in place the tactical initiatives required to achieve the defined mission goals with a timeline, necessary resources, and where each initiative fits and in what priority. These steps will make the success of strategic planning successful.

The Chinese Culture Essay Example for Free

The Chinese Culture EssayChinese people eat up had the populations some successful continuous culture for the past four millennia, and culture and traditions re master(prenominal) bragging(a) wherever they live. Even in the twenty-first century, Chinese people living in China, Taiwan and the get together States of America all the same value their culture and traditions. And people from Chinese culture living in Australia and the linked Kingdom follow Chinese culture and traditions in relation to their health beliefs. Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism are the main tierce philosophies or religions in Chinese culture. Taoism is conside violent both a religion and philosophy emphasizing the independence of the several(prenominal) and connection to natural forces of life, Confucianism provides the moral code or ethics of behavior, and Buddhism contains the rituals of the spiritual life. Like all cultures, Chinese culture has a particular perspective on dying and finish. Chi nese society and its people commence developed meanings about stopping point throughout history, particularly in relation to religious beliefs, philosophical beliefs, and cultural practices.Death is a taboo and Chinese families will not discuss issues of death and dying for business of invoking bad luck. In order to postpone bad luck associated with death, Chinese people will filtrate to prolong the patients life as long as possible, while also acknowledging that death is part of the lifespan. When a soulfulness is dying Chinese people believe that dying in the main hall of the house enables an individual symbolically to join her/his ancestors represented by these tablets or the family altar.Since cremation is traditionally uncommon, the burial chamber of the dead is a matter taken very seriously in Chinese society. Improper funeral arrangements flush toilet cause ill fortune and disaster on the family of the deceased. To a certain degree, Chinese funeral rites and burial us ance are determined by the age of the deceased, cause of death, status and position in society, and marital status. concord to Chinese custom, an elder should never show respect to someone younger.So, if the deceased is a young bachelor, for example, his soundbox cannot be brought home and must remain at the funeral parlor. His parents cannot offer prayers to their son, either Since he was unmarried, he did not have any children to whom he could perform these same rites. (This is why the body cannot come into the family home. ) If an infant or child dies, no funeral rites are performed either since respect cannot be shown to a younger person. The child is thus buried in silence. Preparation for a funeral often begins before a death has occurred.When a person is on his/her deathbed, a coffin will often have already been ordered by the family. When a death occurs in a family all statues of deities in the house are covered up with red paper (not to be exposed to the body or coffin) and all mirrors are removed (it is believed that one who sees the comment of a coffin in a mirror will shortly have a death in his/her family). A white cloth is hung over the doorway to the house and a gong is hardened to the left of the entrance if the deceased is a male, and to the right if female.Before being placed in the coffin, the stiff is cleaned with a damp towel dusted with talcum powder, and dressed in his/her best clothes (all other habilitate of the deceased is burned) before being placed on a mat (or hay in plain areas). The body is completely dressed, including the footwear. Chinese religion was originally oriented to worshipping the supreme god Shang Di during the Xia and Shang dynasties, with the king and diviners performing as priests and using oracle bones. The Zhou dynasty oriented it to worshipping the broader concept of heaven. A large part of Chinese culture is based on the notion that a spiritual world exists.Countless methods of divination have helped a nswer questions, even serving as an alternate to medicine. In general, the Chinese are a corporate society with a need for group affiliation, whether to their family, school, work group, or country. In order to maintain a sense of harmony, they will act with decorum at all times and will not do anything to cause someone else public embarrassment. They are willing to subjugate their own feelings for the good of the group. Since the Chinese hit for harmony and are group dependent, they rely on facial expression, tone of voice and posture to aver them what someone feels.Frowning while someone is speaking is interpreted as a sign of disagreement. Therefore, most Chinese maintain an impassive expression when speaking. It is considered disrespectful to stare into another persons eyes. In crowded situations the Chinese avoid eye contact to give themselves privacy. The Chinese culture is one of the oldest cultures today. It is rich in divers(a) beliefs and religions. The culture has ver y deep and profound history. Many of the the old customs are even still practiced today. It was very interesting learning about this culture, and comparing it to my culture.Works Cited cultural Approaches to paediatric alleviatory Care in Central Massachusetts . Worlds People in Central Massachusetts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Apr. 2013. Cultural Approaches to Pediatric Palliative Care in Central Massachusetts . Worlds People in Central Massachusetts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. Cultural Facts. Cultural Facts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Apr. 2013. Johnston, Alastair Iain. Cultural Realism Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History. N. p. Princeton UP, 2006. Print.

Money Over Power Beyond its Fate Essay Example for Free

M unitaryy Over strength Beyond its want EssayMoney is the root of both in on the dotice. It is the most powerful thing in the world besides love. Sometimes money can ruin love in a friendship, relationship, or even worse family. Money can even decide the unavoidableness of a hu publics tone. There is so much about my fate that I cannot control, but other things do hand under the jurisdiction. I can decide how I spend my time, whom I interact with, whom I contend my body and life and money and energy with. I can select what I can show and eat and study. I can choose how Im going to regard unfortunate circumstances in my life-whether I will see them as curses or opportunities. I can choose my words and the tone of vowelise in which I speak to others. And most of all, I can choose my thoughts. (Elizabeth Gilbert). In the picture show, No sylvan for Old Men, A character by the name of, Llewelyn Moss, is caught in the cross fires of money, his actions, his thoughts, and most of all his admit fate.Throughout the movie he is in a constant rat race with a public who goes by the name of, Anton Chigurh, who is a hit objet dart that was hired to get the money that moss had stumbled upon and taken. Ofcourse Moss did not collapse to take this money and if he didnt he wouldnt be dealing with money, power, or the in truth predetermined fate of himself throughout the movie. Chigur also acts an officer of fate making up his own rules as he sees fit. Although Mosss character may represent free will he also represents the fate that people make on their life after making one poor decision. Not whole get-up-and-gos this money ruin the fate of moss but it always toys with the fate of Mosss wife, the owner of the gas station, and the children who were gainful off to keep quiet. Some may say that it is not money that is the root of all evil but it is power. So does money and power go hand in hand? With money you lay down the power to control what constantly y ou want, and with the most power you gain fear in others as s wellspring up as continue to gain money from those who fear you.In No Country for Old workforce there is a constant battle between the power money holds on oneself as well as the fate of a life through money. The first time money determines a someones fate isduring the coin replace at the gas station. When Chigurh realizes that the patch working at the forbid knows where he is from, he now becomes a witness of who Chigurh is and where he may be from. Maybe if the human beings would hasten fair(a) been quiet in the first place instead of trying to use the weakened talk and be friendly Chigurh would give up never even have to have the thought of cleanup the man in the first place. But because the man is the person he is and just wanted to armed service time pass it pulled a spark and brought the whole conversation in another direction. Chigurh and then begins to inquiry the man. What time do you close? Do you stay out back? What time do you go to sleep?The Owner knew he was in some type of trouble and quickly tries to hurry the man out of his store so that he can reach some type of safe zone between him and Chigurh. The conversation continues and thats when it starts to get a little interesting. Chigurh finds out that the man was married into the business. He didnt want it nor did he save his earnings but fate brought him to that gas station and dowry would determine his life in a coin toss. It is interesting, however, to note the way Chigurh and the Proprietor discuss the put on the line of the game. The Proprietor is no doubt aware of the danger hes in, but is carefully trying to determine the temper of the danger. They both avoid talking about the stakes of the game directly the Proprietor, because if he says it, it might drop dead Chigurh, because he considers himself an agent of Fate. Discussing it directly would make him responsible, and hes not the evil swirling through the film is bigger than this one man (good crusadeblog.blogspot.com). Fate had played a life saving role in this mans life but so did money.The flip the coin would determine his fate and that is when we right back on the subject of how which played a bigger role? The coin had all the power, although it was an instrument of the fate the man would determine on his own it still had the power. So can we really say that his fate was the reason this man is still alive? In the owners good graces he won the coin coin flip and his life was spared. But what if he had lost that coin flip? Do you really think Chigurgh would have killed an innocent man just because he noticed where he was from? Well that question could have been answered at the end of the movie when Chigurgh shows up at Mosss wife, Carla Jeans, house. Carla Jean finds herself seated across from the cold Chigurh. Chigurh had promised Moss that he would allow Carla Jean to live if the money was returned to Chigurh. Heassures Moss th at it is the best deal he has to offer.Moss would have died either way but Chigurh promises Moss that he would not harm his wife as long as Moss listened to him. But of course determining the fate of himself and his wife Moss chooses not to listen to Chigurhs orders. It is really heartbreaking at this point in the movie because we all know Carla Jean is going to die. The power money has on a person is quite disgusting in this movie because we see that Moss truly chose his money everywhere his wife. Chigurh tells Carla Jean that Moss could have saved her but the power of money had taken over Mosss approximation and moss made a decision for them both to suffer. You dont have to do this Carla jean tells Chigurh. Chigurh then chooses to offer her the same coin flip option that he had previously offered the lucky old man at the gas station.Unlike the old man, Carla Jean refuses to call it when asked, even after the coin had been flipped and was just waiting to be called The coin dont h ave no say in it its just you. Chigurh again points out that he got here the same way as the coin did. Fate brought him to her house because of her husband and the power of money is what would kill Carl Jean in the end. Not only doe Chigurh try determining the fate of others, He also tries to determine the fate of himself. At the end of the movie when Chigurh is hit he pays a boy to keep quiet and act like nothing ever happened. Why would Chigurh do this? He is using his money to determine his fate. Chigurh knows that the lower his profile the less chances he will have of getting caught and going to prison for the illegal activity he has had going on. whole in all none of these people had to do what they did. These were the choices they made and because of that, fate had a new eddy on their life. Moss did not have to steal the money but he knew with to a greater extent money came the delight him and his wife had been working for. Maybe he did it out of love or maybe he was just b eing greedy we will never really know. Even Chigurh had the choice to not kill all those people because of Moss. All of those people who had died was a predetermined fate that was out of their control. Fate, in this movie, obviously came in more than one sub category.The money meant power and the power controlled ones fate. Every moment in your life is a turning and every one a choosing. Somewhere you made a choice. All followed to this. The account is scrupulous. The shape is drawn. No linecan be erased. I had no belief in your qualification to move a coin to your bidding. How could you? A persons path through the world seldom changes and even more seldom will it change abruptly. And the shape of your path was visible from the beginning. (coen 259)http//goodreasonblog.blogspot.com/2010/01/no-country-for-old-men-coin-toss-scene.html http//www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/fate

Of mice and men Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men EssayWhat does this section reveal near Curleys wife? In Steinbecks description of Curleys wife, he talks a bent about how well cuted she is and how she behaves so flirtatious. This means that she is the complete opposite to George. If she back afford ostrich feathers and all the luxuries of her clothing then she must have a lot of bills or retributory spends it all on this. Steinbeck uses phrases such as she bridled a little to describe her actions. This is an new(prenominal) comparison to animals that he uses to animalise people and in much than one case, women.By the way that Curleys wife speaks and behaves we can tell she isnt really the cleverest of all people. This means she wouldnt work and instead get her money from inheritance of Curley himself. The colour red portrays passion and danger which foreshadows her later role in the book. Steinbeck suggests to the reader that Curleys wife is jailbait. Curleys wife obviously likes to take care in her app earance because in Steinbecks description of her, he says she is heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters this suggests to the reader that she is stressful to get attention or is acting as a tart.She has no reason to dress up this extravagantly however as she is already married and there are no other women on the ranch, meaning she therefore she has no one to impress. What does the novella reveal about 1930s the States? The paragraph She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers describes what she wears. Her items of clothing seem very costly especially during the 1930s when the people of America were experiencing the Great Depression and had very little money.This means that some(prenominal) money she has, she spends it on clothes. This links contextually to the rise of Hollywood as people (women) were caring more about their appearances. Also, the fact that Curleys wife is never named is a key point as this indicates to us how women were not important and were more of an item that one would have as later on George reveals his aspiration in which he could live so easy and maybe have a girl which tells us in first person what men thought of women as objects to own which was a rising extend in the 1930s America.The fact that Slim addresses her as Good-lookin really proves this point. We notice how the G is capitalised as if he is implying that that she does not need a proper name and is referred to by beauty and not personality. This relates to the Rise of Hollywood as during the 1930s the role of women changed significantly. They became images and no longer people.

Global Environmental Issues Essay Example for Free

Global Environmental Issues EssayGlobal environmental issues, such as climatic change, planetary heating plant, pollution, species extinction and destruction of tropical rain forests hold unique place among other major(ip) international line of works as it is one area that has transformative, comprehensive and long term impact on the succeeding(a) of entire world.For over a decade now the subject of these issues excite become the common broadcast for intellectuals citizens, scientists, social organizations, and political and economic leaders from different parts of world to converge, assess and determine the affirmable ways to contain and mitigate its threat, that poses an unprecedented risk to the functioning and perhaps very survival of humanity. climatic change, rain forest destruction and global warming are all interrelated issues, borne from same arrive of increase in population and consumption. The empirical instances of these problems have been already factually c orroborated in late in 1980s and early 1990s (Paterson, 1996). The years since 1987 started to show the veracity of these predictions as global average annual temperature soared higher every passing year and 1998 became the warmest year in the recorded years.More ominously, the second and trinity most warmest years in recorded history were 1995 and 1993, confirming to scientists, environmentalists and people that the rise in global temperature was not a sudden phenomena, or an aberration, but a systematic process that would compound in the absence of any effective policy and action (Johansen, 2002). Meanwhile, the destruction of Amazon and African rain forests have further compounded the problem, causing the environmental conditions to deteriorate more rapidly.Issues of climatic change and global warming have assumed international proportion as people have started to realized that the warming is a consequence of the largely unstructured paradigm of development, consumption, and gr owth followed over past 200 years, a problem that has been deeply embedded in the socio-cultural and economic system of the world (Uzawa, 2003).Despite the fact that there are many people over the world who would readily associate United States as the whole fix perpetrator of emission of greenhouse gases and global warming, United States has been among the leading campaigners to instituting policy change and corrective actions on the most comprehensive and global level to tackle the problem. The threats arising from global warming are bound to collide with US economic and public interests with same intensity as they would affect that of any other untaught (Fleagle, 1994).Changing sea-level, intensification of storms, and climatic change have presented real threats for the United States and it is pressed for a domestic as well international solution (Uzawa, 2003). The problems with US are that its complex economic interests, industrial structure and social framework doesnt allow it to implement any drastic measures that may force a possible economic collapse (Victor, 2001). Under these strenuous complications, the US government is trying to come up with a policy for large scale institutional change and economic streamlining that aims to incorporate environmental costs as part of the economy and the society.

Outbreak Of One Of The Conflicts In Africa History Essay

Outbreak Of One Of The Conflicts In Africa History EssayAfrica from time immemorial has experienced m all forms of fights ranging from ethnic confrontations to inter enounce fightfares. The idea of war still consorts a regular(prenominal) role in the post compound Africa as well as in the international politics. An get wording of the situation in Africa has proved that closely of these wars stir been fought on the Afri spate s oil colors and watch had devastating effects on the spotless and the world at large. Examples of these wars include Rwanda, Sudan, the Democratic body politic of Congo, Ivory Coast and just to name a few. These wars have greatly affected the Afri depose continent especially the countries involved as it has reduced the economies of these countries to nonhing and a shadow on their own. It is manifest that intimately of these wars are taken place but in the ontogeny countries and t herefore leaves one with the question, whether the wars potty b e seen as a consequence of p all overty or is poverty the consequence of war? To my opinion, war is not a solution to conflict looking at the aftermath of the war, the vulnerabilities of the women and children, the political and economic mental unsoundness of the states. In this light, the international community should seek ways of avoiding the bybreak of such wars especially in the developing countries.In this paper, I go forth analyzed the eruption of one of the conflict in Africa which could have escalated to a full scale array conflict a middle two countries, had it not been settled in a unique showcase of conflict counsel by the UN. The conflict in question is the Cameroon vs. Nigeria film of reign over the potentially oil rich Bakassi peninsula, which almost trigger to an interstates war and s ratiocinations fear and uncertainty crossways the two nations. B. G. Ramcharan describes the role played by the former UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan in maintaining peace am ong the commonwealth of Cameroon and the national Republic of Nigeria and in settling the dis throw upe over the Bakassi peninsula, another fascinating story of conflict pr even sotion at work in practice. The signing of the Green Tree contract by two countries enabled twain countries to adhere to the ruling passed by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), makeicially put to an end to the Nigeria occupation of the peninsula and finally led to the peaceful handover of the occupied line of businesss by the Nigeria forces to Cameroon. President Obasanjo Ol intakegun of Nigeria clearly set forth the way the conflict was handled in the take placeing wordsOur arranging today is a great deed of conflict prevention, which practically reflects its cost-effectiveness when compared to the alternative of conflict resolution its significance, therefore, goes much beyond Nigeria and Cameroon. It should represent a place for the resolution of similar conflicts in Africa, and I dare say, to the world at large.For most conflicts especially in Africa, has been as a precede of natural resources and the politics play by the international community for their own interest which to a greater extent often has fuel the violent conflicts. I will seek to analyze in this paper the historical covering fireground of the contested area leading to the go forthbreak of hostilities. It will be follow suit with the underlying causes of the conflicts in part 4 and part five will shed more lights on how the conflict was resolved at the level of the ICJ and managed at the UN following the implementation of the famous Green-Tree affiliate signed by both countries. While part six will emphasize on the determination with the way forward of ensuring that both countries respect the terms of the green-Tree Agreement and the unique showcase of conflict management and resolution achieved.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDThe Bakassi peninsula is an island located along the eastern end of the disjuncture of Guinea amongst latitudes 820 and 908E. The area is greatly made up of a low-lying, mangrove and mirky area with a population of approximately 150,000 to 300,000 inhabitants, as of 2005. The island is highly inhabited with the indigenous tribe of the Efik tribe, which they claimed to extend to the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The peninsula is a veritable ground for fishing activities and other maritime wildlife activities, for the simple detail that two great ocean currents meet here that is the cold Benguela Current and the warm Guinea Current, has rightfully made it assertable for fishing activities to be the livelihood of the inhabitants.The historical background of the peninsula goes back to the colonial accomplishment after the arrival of the European colonial master to Nigeria in the middle of the 19th Century, the King of the white-haired Calabar kingdom entered into a accord of Protection with the Queen of England on September 10, 1884. The territor ial dominion covering this voice was at this time under the control of the King of the Old Calabar Kingdom. So in signing this treaty, it operator he has officially ceded the stain to the British as a protectorate. In this respect, Britain was free to carry out any activity and equally exercised whatever she deems fit in the district.The claim of reign of the Bakassi peninsula is one of the numerous conflicts in Africa fearing elude disputes. This however, should be in slightly extent put on the shoulders of the former colonial masters who partitioned Africa without taking into considerations of the ethnic groupings, geography and demography of the area, history, language and socio-cultural affiliations of the people. This has really hampered the integrity and sovereignty of most countries in Africa, as most often people from the similar ethnic grouping happen to put together themselves on two different colonial territories and governed by different colonial powers.The h istorical background of the Bakassi peninsula can be traced back during the era of colonialism. The Germans were the first colonial master to colonized Cameroon not until the outbreak of the foremost World War in 1914, which saw the defeat of the Germans by the french and side in Cameroon. originally the outbreak of the First World War, the European powers having colonial territories were largely interested in securing their interests instead of the colonial people they claimed they were civilizing. A country like Germany were only interested in securing for itself the vast territorial wet in enounce to keep the huge amount of shrimps and other maritime wildlife found in this piss for herself. In hunting lodge to avoid conflict of interest amongst the colonial powers, Germany enter into an agreement with the British who were at this time the colonial master of Nigeria, limiting Britains expansion to the east, while Britain on the other hand needed an undisturbed and free sea passage to Calabar, which was an im mannerant commercial seaport in eastern Nigeria. This agreement was later code name the Anglo German Agreement of 1913, which clearly defined the exact demarcation of the borders amid Cameroon and Nigeria. The first part of the treaty entitled The Settlement of the Frontier in the midst of Cameroon and Nigeria, from Yola to the Sea, clearly situate the territory of Bakassi under the jurisdiction of the Germans. The second part entitled The Regulation of Navigation on the sign River, move the navigable portion of the offshore border of the Bakassi peninsula to Britain. Article 21 of the Anglo-German treaty of 1913, which stipulates the exact position of the borderFrom the centre of the navigable channel on a line join Bakassi Point and King Point, the limitation shall follow the centre of the navigable channel of the Akwayafe River as far as the 3-mile limit of territorial jurisdiction. For the finding of defining this boundary, the navig able channel of the Akwayafe River shall be considered to lie wholly to the east of the navigable channel of the Cross and Calabar Rivers.This however, proves that from 1913, after the signing of the Anglo-German Treaty and onwards, British and German maps clearly show the Bakassi peninsula in Cameroon.Following the spectacular twist of event which saw the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the French and the English decided to extend the war in German colonial territories in Africa, aimed at fighting the Germans in their African colonial territories. At the end of the war, Germany lost all her colonies in Africa including Cameroon to the allied powers. Cameroon was conventiond as a mandated territory under the League of Nations and later partitioned in 1919, into two territories among the British and French. The French took 4/5 of the territory called French Cameroons and the British get 1/5 of the territory called British Cameroons. The Franco-British Agreement of July 1919 , placed the territory of Bakassi and the rest of British Cameroons under the mandate of Britain. The British introduced the system of indirect rule in their territory of British Cameroons as an integral part of Nigeria with respect to the borders agreements laid down in 1913. In 1931, a further agreement in the midst of both powers was signed to further codify the treaty of 1919.The two Cameroons that is French and English Cameroons were ruled as a mandated territory by France and Britain till the outbreak of the Second World War. With the collapse of the League of Nations and the subsequent end of the Second World War, the mandated territories of the British Cameroons and French Cameroons were placed under the coupled Nations Organization which succeeded the League of Nations as Trust Territories. Worthy of note here is that the agreement creating these Trusteeship territories re-ratified the Anglo-German treaties of 1913 demarcating the borders betwixt Cameroon and Nigeria. Ag ain maps produced during this period placed Bakassi under the sovereignty of Cameroon.It should be observe here, that the British Cameroons was divided into two parts namely British Union and British southerly Cameroons respectively, with Bakassi falling under the competence of Britain Confederate Cameroons. In the advent for the fight for independence in the late mid-fifties across Africa, tensions have set outn in the territory of British Cameroons. In the light of this growing tensions for independence, the United Nations requested Britain to carry out a plebiscite in the territories under her jurisdiction. British Northern Cameroon and British Southern Cameroon were to exercise their rights and willingness as to which country they would like to join and become independent. A plebiscite was held in British Northern Cameroons as Do you wish to attained independence by joining the Federal Republic of Nigeria or by joining the Republic of Cameroon. The outcome of the result of the plebiscite was that British Northern Cameroons voted to achieve independence by joining the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The events of the political parties and their divided opinions made the plebiscite to be postponed in British Southern Cameroons. It was only on February 11th, 1961, that British Southern Cameroons voted to join the al hit independent Republic of Cameroon (former French Cameroons). It should in any case be noted here that at the point of independence, Bakassi was a territory under the jurisdiction of Cameroon. This can be seen from the feature that Bakassi itself has 21 polling stations and 73% of the population voted to become independent by joining the Republic of Cameroon. So there is no gainsaying that Bakassi was and remain a territory in Cameroon.The Bakassi peninsula is an area that was of no interest to the two nations, as the territory has been long forgotten and was not an issue looking back at the afore-mentioned paragraphs. It became a centre poi nt of focus after the alleged discovery of oil by close to foreign experts. As a result of the suspicion that Bakassi have a huge oil reserve, Nigeria was the first to claim sovereignty of the peninsula and immediately deploy her armament in the territory to mark her mien and ownership. This dramatic twist of event gave way for the look back of the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, which clearly defines and demarcates the maritime borders of the two countries and which both countries accepted it. In the wake of this post independent period, both countries sought way of regulating the colonial agreements of 1913, signed by the colonial powers. Leaders of both countries exchanges visits as can be seen in April 1971, the Nigeria Head of State, General Gowon accompanied with his collaborators visited Cameroon and meet with his Cameroonian counterpart Amadou Ahidjo, in the capital city Yaound, to demonstrate the issue. The outcome of this meeting was the signing of the Coker-Ngo Line deli miting the navigable portion offshore border of the two countries, thereby reaffirming the 1913 agreement. both(prenominal) Heads of States were very satisfied with the outcome of the meeting not only after General Gowon of Nigeria, perceive the advices from his advisers, reverse the decision arrived at the meeting. This trigger a second meeting as General Gowon once more paid a second visit to the President Ahidjo of Cameroon at Maroua city in July 1975, in order to correct the wrongs of the Coker-Ngo Line referred in the 1913 agreement. Worthy of note here is that at this point in time, the sovereignty of Bakassi was not the issue, as the meetings were out to understand the colonial borders.Gowon was overthrown shortly after his visit to Cameroon in a military coup in July 1975, General Murtala Muhammed was the new Head of State of Nigeria and he was very strategic. In order to have the support of the Nigeria bulk population, he convinced them to confide that General Gowon has g iven Bakassi to Cameroon as a compensation for the assistance Cameroon played in the Nigeria Civil War. He goes further to reject the genuineness of the 1971 and 1975 agreements between Gowon and Ahidjo that it has not be ratified by the military council. He too was killed in a military coup just a year after and was replaced by General Olusegun Obasanjo. What a alignment here that President Obasanjo was Nigeria Head of state during this period and he still re-emerges again as professorship when hostilities break out between the two countries and help to brokered peace by ensuring that Nigeria police and soldiers withdraw from the territory in accordance with the Green-Tree Agreement of 2006.3. THE EMERGENCE OF HOSTILITIESAs earlier discuss above, the obvious reasons for most violent conflict have been natural resources conflict, territorial and ethnicity, and political and economic. The case of the Bakassi conflict was as a result of the colonial legacy left behind by the colon ial powers without taking consideration of the indigenous population. As in like manner said above the Bakassi peninsula came into the lime line after the alleged discovery of huge bulk of oil reserves by some Chinese experts. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1600km long border rail from Lake Chad in the north down to Bakassi in the south and a maritime boundary meandering into the Gulf of Guinea. It is worth noted here that with all the different borders that Cameroon share with Nigeria, it is only the Bakassi peninsula which has spark tension. This can be seen as a result of the oil discovery in that area and the water which was a veritable ground for fishing.During the 70s, minor tensions have been building up in the claim of ownership of the territory. Clashes took place where some human lives were lost and on may 16, 1981, the first major form of direct violence give-up the ghost when the Cameroon National Radio announced that three Nigeria patrol boats have violated and enter ed the Cameroonian territorial wet in Bakassi up to Rio del Rey, and open fire on the Cameroonian army. This act was widely condemned in Cameroon and in retaliation five Nigerian soldiers were killed by the Cameroonian soldiers. This incident brought a lot of suspicion between the two countries as both countries were accusing the other for causing the incident. While Cameroon on their part charge Nigeria that they were exploiting the matter politically by blaming Cameroon for the incident, Nigeria on their part, insisted that the incident took place along the Akwayafe River. The Nigeria claimed that the incident took place at the Akwayafe River means that they have not acknowledge the maritime border set down at the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, thus a gross violation. So Cameroon immediately apologizes for the deaths of those five soldiers and promised to pay reparations. This matter was resolved diplomatically and put to rest. But it has triggered the question of sovereignty over the territory.Things take a dramatic routine in the advent of multi party politics in Cameroon in the 1990s. Anglophone Cameroonians started feeling of been marginalized and under-developed. They started asking for their own autonomy and possible Bakassi been a territory under the English speaking part of Cameroon was a big concern to the brass of Cameroon. So there was need to consolidate the entire sovereignty of the territory under Cameroon administration.In order to fight this Anglophone antagonism in Cameroon, the regimen became so hard on the Anglophones especially the Nigerians who have been vivification in the Anglophone communities for decades doing businesses. Through intimidation and high taxes, many Nigeria traders were forced to leave Cameroon. But the most calculated incident that fully lead to the occupation of the territory and sends fear of an impending military conflict between the two countries occur in February 1994. At this point in time, Nigeria had deplo yed 1000 soldiers to Bakassi on the pretext that they were out to protect the Nigerian Traders and fishermen against the perpetual Cameroonian Gendarmerie harassment. The deployment of Nigerian troops was not welcome by Cameroon and it eventually break out to an open fire from both sides. It led to many casualties and deaths on civil population and soldiers from both countries. Cameroon has lost closed to 40 soldiers and many of its soldiers have been taken as prisoners of war by Nigeria. It was this bloody incident that prompted Cameroon to seize the ICJ for adjudication. A complaint was filed on March 29, 1994 to the ICJ. Whether due to a find of premonition of defeat or due to the concomitant that many Nigerians were aware of the Bakassi lie, the Nigeria authorities criticizes the organisation of Cameroon for taking the matter to the UN. The pointed out that they would have prefer the matter be settled through a bilateral negotiations. They go as far as challenging the comp etence of the ICJ for lack of jurisdiction in handling the matter.While the matter was pending at the ICJ, fighting was still going on between the two countries. The Nigerian government again deploys another 1000 troops in February 1996. This become deployment of soldiers was the last major incident that shows sign of an impending full scale military war. The Nigerian soldiers invaded and occupied the territory of Bakassi despite the fact that the case was pending at the ICJ. Record holds it that by May 1996, more than 50 Nigerian soldiers had lost their lives and several others taken as prisoners of war according to diplomatic sources. One of the most leading African magazines, The Jeune Afrique has analyzed the situation by saying that the prerequisite for a major military conflict were all present in the case of Bakassi. It went further to analyze the strategic economic grandness of the territory to both countries and as a pivotal factor for the cause of the conflict. As tension s continued to grow on the ground with the military presence of both countries in the territory, the government of Cameroon called on the ICJ to institute measures to occlusion down the fighting. The ICJ immediately asked both countries to stop the fighting while waiting for the final ruling on the matter. But that notwithstanding, both countries still maintain the presence of their military believing that it might work in their estimate for the rightful owner of the territory.4. THE CAUSES OF THE meshingThe claim of sovereignty over the peninsula between the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria is one the several violent conflicts that have plagued Africa for a very longtime as I mentioned in the preceding chapters. It was one of an interstate state war that could have escalated to a full winded war if not of the high sense of responsibilities on the parts of the UN on one hand and the countries concern on the other hand. The causes of the conflict are discu ssed below.4.1. Economic factorsIt is evident that economic factors might have originate in up the conflict over the ownership of the territory. If we go back to the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, we can see that both countries were more or less not interested in the area. Nigeria under British rule have surrender the area to the Germans who were at that time ruling Cameroon. British Nigeria ceded this territory to the German in 1913, and even after independence, Nigeria still did not made any claim to the territory. Cameroon on her part, knew and sees the peninsula as its territory but failed to carry out any development in the area. The government of Cameroon did not put up any administrative structure in the area to indicate that the rule the place. They equally left the place at the mercy of the dominant Nigeria indigenous population to carry out their trading and fishing activities along the peninsula with bitty or no control except the arbitrary tax collection from the people by the government of Cameroon.This point is to bring out the picture of the peninsula at that time, but things take a dramatic turn when during the late 70s and 80s, there was an alleged discovery of huge volume of oil reserves around the Rio del Rey area of the peninsula. A good number of foreign multi-national companies have carried out surveys in the peninsula and came out with the reports that the territory whitethorn indeed be a treasure of immeasurable economic value.The discovery of oil reserves was not the only determinant economic factor that almost plunged both countries to a war. The fact that Bakassi peninsula is situated between two great oceans i.e. the cold Benguela current and the warm Guinea current, makes it a veritable ground for fishing. It also harbors a wide variety of fishes and other maritime wildlife creatures. According to the internet encyclopedia, the Wikipedia, the fertility of the Bakassi peninsula as a fishing ground is comparable only to Newfoundland in North America and Scandinavia in Western Europe. It was as a result of these economic benefits i.e. the prospect of potential oil reserves and securing the fishing rights, that the Germans were so heroic on keeping the peninsula to themselves during the 1913 agreement.It would not be a gainsaying that economic factors attracted the attention of both countries to claim sovereignty of the peninsula, judging from the discovery of oil reserves and the sale of fishing rights.4.2. Political reasonsThe Cameroon and Nigeria claim of sovereignty over Bakassi also has a political manoveuvres, i.e. political reasons also contributed to the conflict. It is believed that the political leaders of both countries motiveed to use Bakassi as a means to divert public opinion from their respective home countries. This is evident of the fact that there was growing unpopularity of the leaders of both countries. They wanted to shift the public attention to Bakassi so that their citizens will forget a bout their worries at home when engaged in a full scale war. Both governments have failed to address the economic problems, unemployment, bad governance, bribery and corruption, lack of social services and the bad human race Rights records they hold.Cameroon under President Amadou Ahidjos human rights records was not a good one as he was infamous for the violation of human rights during his time as president. Examples of his bad Human Rights violation is the killing of more than 25,000 people during the UPC revolt in the 1960s as reported by Albert Mukong and Mongo Beti. Then came President Paul Biya who succeeded Ahidjo in 1982 and is still on seat. Under Biya, the economy has faced a severe economic crisis in the mid 80s that saw the currency been devalued. The salaries of normal civil servants was reduced to about 70% while those of the army was increase, and that is why the army is so loyal to the president and do not plan to overthrown him in a coup.On the part of Nigeria, the situation was not too different from Cameroon, but the prominent problem that Nigeria was undergoing before the turn in to civilian rule was the ordered military coups that has seen their governments from time to time been toppled. In fact, Nigeria holds worlds record for the highest number of military coups and counter coup attempts. These coups have led to the deaths of thousands of civilians and soldiers. Looking at her human rights records, nearly all the successive governments have had a very bad human rights record. They are noted for killing their political opponents, an casing is the assassination of the minority leader Ken Saro Wiwa and nine others in November 1995. The unreasonable imprisonment of acclaimed winner of the presidential election of 1992 Moshood Abiola and the events leading to his death while in prison still remain a fact to be told. Even the brutal murder of Abiolas wife made the government unpopular.It very evident from the above mentioned paragraphs th at both Cameroon and Nigeria had nothing to ride home with because the governments of both countries were facing internal and severe ethnic nationalism and economic fallout. They believe that diverting the peoples mind into an external crisis will work in their favors. They made their citizens to believe that Bakassi was worth fighting for i.e. to defend their fatherland.4.3. National and human securitiesSecurity issues have been very vital and play an important role in the peninsula, as such were one of the causes of the claim of sovereignty over Bakassi. This is honest to the fact that during 1884, the Chief of Old Calabar signed a Treaty of Protection ceding the territory (Bakassi) to the Britain. Britain thenceforth ceded the territory during the 1913 Treaty to German Kamerun in order to secure a safe passage to the port of Calabar and also reassuring the Germans that she will not made any further advancements to the east.Security in the wider sense could so also be seen in t he domain of national guarantor and human security. The former been the security of the states sovereignty and the latter been the security of the citizens. So in this light, both countries were fast to advance security reasons for the military occupation of the peninsula. Nigeria lay claims that she invaded Bakassi to protect her citizens who were doing business and carry out fishing activities in the area against the continuous harassment from the Cameroonian forces, while Cameroon on her part, claimed that the obvious reason was to protect the territorial integrity of the state as she claims Nigeria has violated its sovereignty and posed a threat to her national security.4.4. Natural resourcesNatural resources have been the cause of several violent conflicts in the developing countries. The question is can natural resources be seen as a curse or a blessing. This is a territory which was out of the discussion tables of both country, but soon became a bone of contention to the cou ntries immediately after the discovery of oil reserves or black gold as is commonly refer to in Africa. Many oppressive regimes will want to be in full control of the natural resources. For the fact that another border region which is the Lake Chad between Cameroon and Nigeria is gradually disappearing because of over used by the neighboring countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, DR Congo, Tchad and Equatorial Guinea. With the assertion that the Bakassi peninsula is blessed with natural resources such as oil and fishes, both countries divert their attention there claiming sovereignty.4.5. territorial integrityThe territorial integrity of the peninsula also plays a very important role for both countries as they believed it was the responsibility of the state to protect the sovereignty of its territory against any form of external threat from its neighbors. So we can see here that the Bakassi conflict was an interstates military conflict aim at protecting the sovereignty of the territ ory as both countries claimed. The government of Cameroon was more than ever ready to defend and protect the sovereignty of the Bakassi people against an impending military occupation from Nigeria. None of the two countries was ready to let go off the territory, as Nigeria on her part, was sending a warning threat that they are very much ready to protect Nigeria citizens leaving in the area from arbitrarily harassment from the Cameroon Gendarmes and as such protecting the sovereignty of the territory.4.6. Socio-cultural aspectsThe territory under question was largely inhabited by the Efik indigenous people who see themselves as belonging to the Federal Republic of Nigeria. They made up about 90% of the population and would not understand why they should be forced to be governed by Cameroon in case the ruling of the Hague was in favor of Cameroon. This is a territory that has been long forgotten by the government of Cameroon with no social structure put in place to make it look like a Cameroon territory. Nigeria on their part has built some few schools in the area and putting up some structures to give life to her citizens leaving in the area. Nigeria used her large population prefer to claim sovereignty of the territory, though the government of Cameroon accuses the Nigeria government that they took advantage of their large home population and thereby transfer so many Nigerians to live in the Bakassi peninsula, so that it will give them an upper hand in claiming sovereignty of the territory.It can also be warrant here that the bulk of the Bakassi population who claimed to be of Nigeria origin, were not willing to lose their territory to Cameroon and so urges the Nigeria government to go to war if it needs arise. Culturally speaking, we can also see that the colonial demarcations of the borders done a great deal to the people, as we can find the Efik people on the side of Nigeria speaking the same language with the Akwaya people in Cameroon. These two tribes have the same cultures, traditional rites and traditional attires during festivities. It cannot be disclaim here that peoples of the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon have similar cultures with the peoples of Benue, Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Taraba states of Nigeria. So it is obvious that Nigeria based her claim of sovereignty over the territory was as a result of their large population in the area.5. HOW THE CONFLICT WAS RESOLVED AND MANAGEDWhen Nigerian troops violated the Anglo-German Treaty of 1913, by invading the territory of Rio del Rey in May 16, 1961, they claimed five of their soldiers were killed by the Cameroon soldiers. So in respond, the Shehu Shagari the president of Nigeria made it clear that the Nigerian soldiers were not on the Rio del Rey territory but on the Akwayafe territory and as such demanded an apology from Cameroon for the death soldiers. It can be seen here that both countries resorted to diplomatic means to queue down the growing tensions and somehow the conflict was managed. The government of Cameroon made an official apology on July 1981, and promised to pay reparations to Nigeria. This brought the misunderstanding to an end. But worth noting here, is the fact that Nigeria claimed their soldiers were on the Akwayafe river but not on the Rio del Rey river, meaning they indirectly acknowledged and accept the colonial maritime borders delineated by the 1913 Treaty.This sought of management and resolution of