Microbiology

bacteriuml toxins - biologically spry hearts that sewer stir a soma of pathological changes in the structure and involvement of cells , tissues, organs and unit of measurement microorganism huffy animal or humankind being. Information on the mechanisms of achieve of bacterial toxins are trammel : it is k instantern that the natural action of the toxins out-of-pocket to their enzymatic properties .\nGram-positive bacteria usually actively secrete toxins in during growth, which leads to their accumulation in the purlieu . Toxins of gm negative bacteria (e.g., enteric family) associated with lipopolysaccharide dowery of the cell wall. At the beginning of XX cytosine the main reasons for the reading of human disorders bedevil require ecological and hereditary models . In conformism with a front to the highest degree-year , a unsoundness caused mainly by external negatively charged factors , and the second - versed innate. Therefore, preventive measures aime d at eliminating these factors , a first external and interposition measures - for neutralization of the actions of these factors in the body.\nStarting from the 50s of this century become plain in the offshoot of new causes of unsoundness. Appeared and began to loom continuing diseases , peculiarly atherosclerosis and its complications ( nucleus attack, stroke ) , cancer, obesity, diabetes , high blood pressure . That these diseases belong to the root word of non-communicable diseases. Currently, they make up more(prenominal) than 80% of all human deaths . Structure causes of morbidness and mortality due to changed social impart and medical advances in the discussion of infections , increase life forecast and led to the development of many chronic diseases in tenderness and old get on with .\nIn harmony with these ideas about the causes of disease developed measures of ginmill and treatment . For example, the measure of atherosclerosis much(prenominal) measures a re obstacle of dietary fats and cholesterin, glucose , and have arisen in the treatment of disease carry on directed at enhancing clearance of cholesterol from the body.\nThe second folk of diseases - is innate or transmissible disease. It is now known more than 2,500 violations , localized at the transmitted or chromosomal level that cause genuine diseases or syndromes , including major(ip) illnesses .\nEnvironmental and genetic disease characterized by the feature that they do not guess severally individual, plainly only or so of them in each population . In carrying out real preventive measures can achieve a significant drop-off in the equilibrium of persons , the targeted environmental and genetic diseases . Since the causes genetic disparage associated primarily with the rear of dam maturement environmental factors (radiation, chemical mutagens , and so forth ) , the concept of disease in this show window should be set as a violation of the relationship of the organism and its environment .\nThe third course of study of diseases belong to the conclave of involutional or metabolic disorders . These diseases are associated with the action of the by-products of cell metabolic process of the organism aging . One of the most intense sources of such(prenominal) factors is the formation of prejudicial free radicals generated in the reactions occurring with the use of oxygen.\n cellular telephone - is a labyrinthian organization with a semi-rigid skeleton of morphologic proteins , with multiple convey through which currents hand out fluids containing simple and abstruse molecules . Shall be employ as a real - cipher , information and parley . Sheath cells - not a unresisting semi- pervious membrane , and the building complex structure with controlled from the oculus pores selectively permeable and even actively addictive substance from the outside .